项目名称：山东半岛地下水源地硝酸盐富集及其防控机理研究
负责人：郑西来
研究期限：2017年01月 -- 2021年12月
关键词 硝酸盐污染；硝酸盐来源与转化；水土环境；地下水氮污染；硝酸盐氮
nitrate; source apportionment; accumulation; denitrification layer; countermeasure
摘要：地下水硝酸盐污染及其防控机理是国际环境地学领域亟待解决重大前沿性课题。地下水硝酸盐污染问题是全世界面临的严重挑战，山东半岛是我国地下水源地硝酸盐污染最严重的地区，系统研究人类活动胁迫下地下水源地硝酸盐富集机理及防控对策，具有重大的科学意义和实际应用价值。本项目以山东半岛典型的蔬菜基地和地下水源地为依托，借助MixSIR模型和Bayesian统计定量解析地下水硝酸盐的污染来源及其贡献；通过系列室内试验、原位立体监测、精细的数值模拟、深入的理论分析，揭示非饱和带氮素迁移-转化机理、滨海地下水源地硝酸盐富集的机制，研究地下强化反应层阻控硝酸盐淋失的可行性，评价含水层反硝化和地下水源地硝酸盐恢复的潜能，提出切实可行的地下水硝酸盐污染防控技术，为我国沿海经济和社会可持续发展提供科学依据。该研究成果揭示人类活动和重大水利工程对地下水环境的影响机理，可以丰富地下水污染及其防治的理论体系。
Nitrate contamination and control in groundwater is a serious challenge in the research field of environmental geosciences and deserves worldwide attention. Nowadays, many countries and regions suffer from severe nitrate contamination in groundwater, among which Shandong Peninsula is a typical nitrate contamination area in China. Given that, it is high time to systematically explore the nitrate accumulation mechanisms and control strategies in groundwater source field. In this study, with vegetable-bases and groundwater resource fields as target areas, the major sources and their contributions for nitrate contamination in groundwater will be quantitatively investigated with MixSIR modeling and Bayesian statistical analysis. Through a combination of batch experiments, in-situ monitoring, numerical modeling and theoretical analysis, a deep insight will be addressed into the nitrogen transport-transformation mechanisms in vadose zone and nitrate accumulation mechanisms in coastal groundwater source field. To inhibit further deterioration of groundwater quality, efficiency of in-situ denitrification layer and natural attenuation potential in aquifers will be evaluated, which paves the way for proposing feasible and efficient technologies for nitrate groundwater contamination prevention and control. For one thing, our study will supply scientific support for the sustainable development of coastal economy and society in our country; for another, this study will improve our understanding of groundwater contamination and control theories by unveiling the impact mechanisms of human activities and hydraulic engineering on groundwater environment.